Dr Andrew Warrilow

MRSC


Honorary Research Associate

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andrew_Warrilow

Qualifications

BSc Biochemistry (Aberystwyth University, 1989)

PhD (Aberystwyth University, 1993)

Areas of Expertise

Sterol 14α demethylases (CYP51s)

NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductases

Azole antifungals

Enzymology

Protein Biochemistry

Protein Purification

Publications

2022

Price CL, Warrilow AGS, Rolley NJ, Parker JE, Thoss V, Kelly D, Corcionivoschi N, Kelly SL. Cytochrome P450 168A1 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is involved in the hydroxylation of biologically relevant fatty acids. PLOS ONE, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265227.

2020

Binjubair FA, Parker JE, Warrilow AG, Puri K, Braidley PJ, Tatar E, Kelly SL, Kelly DE, Simons C. Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Sterol 14α-Demethylase (CYP51): Synthesis, Molecular Modelling and Evaluation Against Candida albicans. ChemMedChem. 2020, doi: 10.1002/cmdc.202000250.

2019

Lamb DC, Follmer AH, Goldstone JV, Nelson DR, Warrilow AG, Price CL, True MY, Kelly SL, Poulos TL, Stegeman JJ. On the occurrence of cytochrome P450 in viruses. 2019. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901080116.

Warrilow AG, Nishimoto AT, Parker JE, Price CL, Flowers SA, Kelly DE, Rogers PD, Kelly SL. The evolution of azole resistance in Candida albicans sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) through incremental amino acid substitutions. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2019, EPub before print.

2018

Zhou W, Warrilow AGS, Thomas CD, Ramos E, Parker JE, Price CL, Vanderloop BH, Fisher PM, Loftis MD, Kelly DE, Kelly SL, Nes WD. Functional importance for developmental regulation of sterol biosynthesis in Acanthamoeba castellanii. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. 2018. In Press.

Colley T, Sehra G, Chowdhary A, Alanio A, Kelly SL, Kizawa Y, Armstrong-James D, Fisher MC, Warrilow AGS, Parker JE, Kelly DE, Kimura G, Nishimoto Y, Sunose M, Onions S, Crepin D, Lagasse F, Crittall M, Shannon J, McConville M, King-Underwood J, Naylor A, Bretagne S, Murray J, Ito K, Strong P, Rapeport G. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of a novel and long acting fungicidal azole, PC1244, on Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2018, doi: 10.1128/AAC.01941-17.

2017

Hull CM, Warrilow AGS, Rolley NJ, Price CL, Donnison IS, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. Co-production of 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and ethanol using recombinant yeast expressing fungal steroid hydroxylases. Biotechnol Biofuels. 2017, 10:226.

Warrilow AGS, Parker JE, Price CL, Garvey EP, Hoekstra WJ, Schotzinger RJ, Wiederhold NP, Nes WD, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. The tetrazole VT-1161 is a potent inhibitor of Trichophyton rubrum through its inhibition of T. rubrum CYP51. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2017, EPub ahead of print.

Colley T, Alanio A, Kelly SL, Sehra G, Kizawa Y, Warrilow AGS, Parker JE, Kelly DE, Kimura G, Anderson-Dring L, Nakaoki T, Sunose M, Onions S, Crepin D, Lagasse F, Crittall M, Shannon J, Cooke M, Bretagne S, King-Underwood J, Murray J, Ito K, Strong P, Rapeport G. In vitro and in vivo antifungal profile of a novel and long acting inhaled azole, PC945, on Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2017, doi:10.1128/AAC.02280-16.

2016

Warrilow AG, Price CL, Parker JE, Rolley NJ, Smyrniotis CJ, Hughes DD, Thoss V, Nes WD, Kelly DE, Holman TR, Kelly SL. Azole antifungal sensitivity of sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) and CYP5218 from Malassezia globosa. Scientific Reports. 2016, 6, 27690.

Warrilow AG, Parker JE, Price CL, Nes WD, Garvey EP, Hoekstra WJ, Schotzinger RJ, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. The investigational drug VT-1129 is a highly potent inhibitor of Cryptococcus species CYP51 but only weakly inhibits the human enzyme. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2016, 60(8), 4530-4538.

2015

Warrilow AGS, Parker JE, Price CL, Nes WD, Kelly SL, Kelly DE. CYP51-mediated azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: an in vitro biochemical study. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2015, 59(12), 7771-7778.

Lamb DC, Warrilow AG, Rolley NJ, Parker JE, Nes WD, Smith SN, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. Azole antifungal agents to treat the human pathogens Acanthamoeba castellanii and Acanthamoeba polyphaga through inhibition of sterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51). Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2015, 59(8), 4707-4713.

Price CL, Parker JE, Warrilow AGS, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. Azole fungicides - understanding resistance mechanisms in agricultural fungal pathogens. Pest Management Science. 2015, 71(8), 1054-1058.

Price CL, Warrilow AGS, Parker JE, Mullins JGL, Nes WD, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. Novel substrate specificity and temperature sensitive activity of Mycosphaerella graminicola CYP51 (MgCYP51) supported by the native NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR). Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2015, 81(10), 3379-3386.

2014

Warrilow AGS, Hull CM, Parker JE, Garvey EP, Hoekstra WJ, Moore WR, Schotzinger RJ, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. The clinical candidate VT-1161 is a highly potent inhibitor of Candida albicans CYP51 but fails to bind the human enzyme. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2014, Epub.

Parker JE, Warrilow AGS, Price CL, Mullins JGL, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. Resistance to antifungals that target CYP51. Journal of Chemical Biology. 2014, 7(4), 143-161.

Warrilow AGS, Hull CM, Rolley NJ, Parker JE, Nes WD, Smith SN, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. Clotrimazole as a potent agent for treating the oomycete fish pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica through inhibition of sterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51). Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2014. 80(19), 6154-6166.

2013

Hoobler EK, Rai G, Warrilow AGS, Perry SC, Smyrniotis CJ, Jadhav A, Simeonov A, Parker JE, Kelly DE, Maloney DJ, Kelly SL, Holman TR. Discovery of a novel dual fungal CYP51/human 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor: implications for anti-fungal therapy. PLoS One. 2013, 8(6), e65928.

Calabrese EC, Castellano S, Santoriello M, Sgherri C, Quartacci MF, Calucci L, Warrilow AGS, Lamb DC, Kelly SL, Milite C, Granata I, Sbardella G, Stefancich G,Maresca B, Porta A. Antifungal activity of azole compounds CPA18 and CPA109 against azole-susceptible and -resistant strains of Candida albicans. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2013, 68(5), 1111-1119.

Parker JE, Warrilow AG, Cools HJ, Fraaije BA, Lucas JA, Rigdova K, Griffiths WJ, Kelly DE, KellySL. Prothioconazole and prothioconazole-desthio activity against Candida albicans sterol 14 alpha-demethylase (CaCYP51). Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2013, 79(5), 1639-1645.

Warrilow AG, Parker JE, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. Azole affinity of sterol 14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) enzymes from Candida albicans and Homo sapiens. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2013, 57(3), 1352-1360.

2012

Hull CM, Bader O, Parker JE, Weig M, Gross U, Warrilow AG, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. Two clinical isolates of Candida glabrata exhibiting reduced sensitivity to amphotericin B both harbor mutations in ERG2. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2012, 56(12), 6417-6421.

Hull CM, Parker JE, Bader O, Weig M, Gross U, Warrilow AG, Kelly DE, KellySL. Facultative sterol uptake in an ergosterol-deficient clinical isolate of Candida glabrata harboring a missense mutation in ERG11 and exhibiting cross-resistance to azoles and amphotericin B. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2012, 56(8), 4223-4232.

Warrilow AGS, Mullins JGL, Hull CM, Parker JE, Lamb DC, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. S279 point mutations in Candida albicans sterol 14-alpha demethylase (CYP51) reduces in vitro inhibition by fluconazole. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2012, 56(4), 2099-2107.

Agnew CRJ, Warrilow AGS, Burton NM, Lamb DC, Kelly SL, Brady RL. An enlarged, adaptable active site in CYP164 family P450 enzymes, the sole P450 in Mycobacterium leprae. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2012, 56(2), 391-402.

2011

Parker JE, Warrilow AGS, Cools HJ, Martel CM, Nes, WD, Fraaije BA, Lucas JA, Kelly DE, and Kelly SL. Mechanism of binding of prothioconazole to Mycosphaerella graminicola CYP51 differs from that of other azole antifungals. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2011, 77(4), 1460-1465.

Martel CM, Parker JE, Jackson CJ, Warrilow AGS, Rolley N, Greig C, Morris SM, Donnison IS, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. Expression of bacterial levanase in yeast enables simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of grass juice to bioethanol. Bioresource Technology. 2011, 102(2), 1503-1508.

2010

Martel CM, Parker JE, Bader O, Weig M, Gross U, Warrilow AGS, Rolley N, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. Identification and characterization of four azole-resistant erg3 mutants of Candida albicans. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2010, 54(11), 4527-4533.

Martel CM, ParkerJE, Warrilow AGS, Rolley N, Kelly SL, Kelly, DE. Complementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae ERG11/CYP51 (sterol 14 alpha-demethylase) doxycycline-regulated mutant and screening of the azole sensitivity of Aspergillus fumigatus isoenzymes CYP51A and CYP51B. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2010, 54(11), 4920-4923.

Warrilow AGS, Melo N, Martel CM, Parker JE, Kelly SL, Kelly DE. Expression, purification, and characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus sterol 14-alpha demethylase (CYP51) isoenzymes A and B. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2010, 54(10), 4225-4234.

Warrilow AGS, Martel CM, Parker JE, Melo N, Lamb DC, Nes D, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. Azole binding properties of Candida albicans sterol 14-alpha demethylase (CaCYP51). Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2010, 54(10), 4235-4245.

Martel CM, Parker JE, Bader O, Weig M, Gross U, Warrilow AGS, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. A clinical isolate of Candida albicans with mutations in ERG11 (encoding sterol 14 alpha-demethylase) and ERG5 (encoding C22 desaturase) is cross resistant to azoles and amphotericin B. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2010, 54(9), 3578-3583.

Martel CM, Warrilow AGS, Jackson CJ, Mullins JGL, Togawa RC, Parker JE, Morris MS, Donnison IS, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. Expression, purification and use of the soluble domain of Lactobacillus paracasei beta-fructosidase to optimise production of bioethanol from grass fructans. Bioresource Technology. 2010, 101(12), 4395- 4402.

Lamb DC, Lei L, Zhao B, Yuan H, Jackson CJ, Warrilow AGS, Skaug T, Dyson PJ, Dawson ES, Kelly SL, Hachey DL, Waterman MR. Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) CYP102 protein, a novel fatty acid hydroxylase encoded as a heme omain without an N-terminal redox partner. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2010, 76(6), 1975-1980.

2009

Lamb DC, Lei L, Warrilow AGS, Lepesheva GI, Mullins JGL, Waterman MR, Kelly SL. The first virally encoded cytochrome P450. Journal of Virology 2009, 83 (16), 8266-8269.

Warrilow AGS, Jackson CJ, Parker JE, Marczylo TH, Kelly DE, Lamb DC, Kelly SL. Identification, characterization and azole-binding properties of Mycobacterium smegmatis CYP164A2, a homolog of ML2088, the sole cytochrome P450 gene of Mycobacterium leprae. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2009, 53(3) 1157-1164.

2008

Warrilow A, Ugochukwu C, Lamb D, Kelly D, Kelly S. Expression and characterization of CYP51, the ancient sterol 14-demethylase activity for cytochromes P450 (CYP), in the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Lipids 2008, 43(12) 1143-1153.

Melo NR, Moran GP, Warrilow AGS, Dudley E, Smith SN, Sullivan DJ, Lamb DC, Kelly DE, Coleman DC, Kelly SL. CYP56 (Dit2p) in Candida albicans: Characterization and investigation of its role in growth and antifungal drug susceptibility. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2008, 52(10) 3718-3724.

Jackson CJ, Lamb DC, Warrilow AGS, Parker JE, de Melo NR, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. P450s in microbial sterol biosynthesis and drug targets. Acta Chimica Slovenica 2008, 55(1) 58-62.

2007

Lamb DC, Jackson CJ, Warrilow AG, Manning NJ, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. Lanosterol Biosynthesis in the Prokaryote Methylococcus capsulatus: Insight into the evolution of sterol biosynthesis. Molecular Biology and Evolution 2007, 24(8) 1714-1721.

For further publications please see ResearchGate.

Affiliations

Member of the Royal Society of Chemistry

Member of the Biochemical Society (UK)